Will lower fuel consumption by 0.4 liters / 100 km.
When Volkswagen introduced the Golf facelift back in November 2016, it briefly mentioned a frugal BlueMotion version equipped with the group’s new 1.5-liter, four-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine. Now, the company has decided to release more details at the Vienna Motor Symposium about the second TSI Evo unit launching this summer in Europe.
Available with the DSG transmission, the more evolved coasting function will completely turn off the engine and it will work at speeds of up to 130 kph (81 mph). VW promises this will give the ever so popular Golf the characteristics of a hybrid and will reduce fuel consumption in the real world by 0.4 liters / 100 km compared to a conventional engine. At the same time, it will be 0.2 liters thriftier than the current coasting function, which doesn’t deactivate the engine.
To make this possible, VW’s engineers have implemented a compact lithium-ion battery linked to the Golf’s 12-volt electrics. The battery’s role is to feed the car with the necessary electric consumer units while the coasting function is active. There’s also a so-called “Q-diode” responsible for regulating the current flow between the newly added lithium-ion and the vehicle’s regular lead-acid batteries.
When it’s time to turn off the coasting function, VW says the 1.5-liter TSI Evo can be fired up in a number of ways, based on the car’s speed and the situation. The gasoline engine resumes its normal operation using the starter, the clutches of the DSG, or both.
As a reminder, this more economical version of the engine is rated at 130 horsepower (96 kilowatts) and 147 pound-feet (200 Newton-meters) of torque whereas the beefier configuration pumps out 150 hp (110 kW) and 184 lb-ft (250 Nm).
Fuel consumption in the case of the lower-powered variant is estimated at 4.6 liters / 100 km (corresponding to 104 g/km of CO2) in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). That’s 0.3 liters less than the stronger 1.5 TSI Evo.
Also at the Vienna Motor Symposium, VW introduced a new three-cylinder, 1.0-liter turbocharged gasoline engine able to work on compressed natural gas. Set to debut in the all-new Polo supermini, the 1.0 TGI is going to develop 90 hp (66 kW) and will run “in a particularly low-emission manner” on gasoline or CNG with the aim to lower CO2 and NOx particulate emissions than previous engines of this kind.
Source: Volkswagen
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VOLKSWAGEN AT THE VIENNA MOTOR SYMPOSIUM: LARGE-SCALE MOVE TO ELECTRIC POWER, COASTING 2.0 AND NATURAL GAS PROPULSION
Volkswagenatthe 38thViennaMotorSymposium:Large-scalemovetoelectricpower,coasting2.0andnaturalgaspropulsion
- New Golf provides examples of diverse electric-powered systems: from the micro hybrid system to 100% battery- powered electric drive
- Fuel-efficient coasting mode 2.0: the new Golf TSI BlueMotion1 with DSG gearbox 'coasts' with engine shut off
- The new e-Golf2 provides 15 kW more power, 20 Nm more torque and 110 km more range
- Sustainably using alternative fuel: the innovative 1.0 CNG turbo3 for natural gas propulsion
Wolfsburg/Vienna–Electricpower,naturalgas propulsion and a newcoastingfunctionfor internal combustion engines – at the 38thViennaMotorSymposiumstartingtoday,Volkswagenis presenting solutionsfortheCO2-neutral,sustainablemobilityofthefuture.In thecaseofelectricpower,the spectrum ranges from the new, affordable microhybridsystemall the way to further optimised battery-poweredpropulsion.Forthe first time, Volkswagen is presenting a coastingfunctionforinternalcombustionengineswith a 'Coasting - Engine off'functionthatshutsofftheenginecompletely.The company is goingon the offensive on the natural gas front as well – with a new,compactthree-cylinderengineforthePolo.
'Partially and fully electric drive systems form a key pillar of our drive system strategy,' explains Friedrich Eichler, Head of Volkswagen Powertrain Development, who is giving a talk at the Vienna Motor Symposium. 'Our range of technology, especially that available for the Golf, now covers all customer preferences. The new 'Coasting - Engine off' micro hybrid system represents a low-cost level of electric- powered motoring on a 12-volt basis.'
In the new Golf TSI BlueMotion, which launches this summer, the system works in tandem with a model DQ200 DSG gearbox. In a speed range of up to 130 km/h it offers the driver hybrid-style characteristics: lift off the throttle, and the Golf can coast with the engine completely deactivated. The system reduces fuel consumption in practical use by up to 0.4 litres/100 km and compared to the current coasting function with the engine running by 0.2 litres/100 km.
This new Volkswagen system adds a compact lithium-ion battery to the 12-volt vehicle electrics, with the battery supplying the electric consumer units with power when coasting. A so-called Q-diode regulates the current flow between the lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries. At the end of the coasting phase the Golf TSI BlueMotion's engine, a highly efficient 1.5 TSI Evo1, is started in one of several different ways, depending on driving speed and situation: using the starter, using the clutches of the DSG gearbox or – particularly ingeniously – in combined fashion using starter and clutch.
In the middle of the electric power range is the plug-in hybrid concept of the Golf GTE4 and at its top end the 100% battery-powered drive system, such as Volkswagen is offering in the new e-Golf. In this latest upgrade the new e-Golf's electric motor delivers 100 kW of power and 290 Nm of torque, 15 kW and 20 Nm respectively more than before. The e-Golf now accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 9.6 seconds and its top speed has gone up by 10 km/h to 150 km/h. Through improvements to the chemistry of its cells and to their structure, the capacity of the lithium- ion battery system has also been increased from 24.2 to 35.8 kWh. This results in a big increase in range – in the NEDC cycle from 190 km previously to now up to 300 km.
Volkswagen is taking on the next big step in the switch to electric power using the all-electric architecture. The first model using this completely new drive system and connectivity architecture will be launched in 2020. The BUDD-e5, I.D.6 and I.D. BUZZ7 concept cars that the brand has already unveiled give a look ahead to the great potential of the new architecture.
'The all-electric architecture combines local zero-emission driving with superb long-distance mobility,' says Friedrich Eichler, Head of Volkswagen Powertrain Development. 'It forms the basis for our new generation of electric vehicles that we will be offering globally in high volume. Its drive system and the system's intelligent management provide for great efficiency and simultaneously convey to the passengers a new, highly comfortable driving experience, including with regard to automated driving.'
A second technology with which Volkswagen is shaping the transition to the sustainable mobility of the future is propulsion using compressed natural gas (CNG). Dr Wolfgang Demmelbauer-Ebner, Head of Volkswagen Petrol Engine Development, outlines the subject in his symposium speech as follows: 'Due to its chemical composition, natural gas as a fuel already reduces CO2 emissions if it comes from fossil sources. If, however, it is produced in a sustainable way, for instance as biomethane from agricultural waste, then looked at from well-to-wheel it facilitates a form of mobility that produces appreciably less CO2. We use the term e-gas to describe synthetically produced CNG that is made out of water and CO2 from renewable power generation's excess current. e-gas is ideal for making renewable power usable for the transport sector and for storing it. It is in practical terms a partner in the switch to renewable forms of energy.'
Volkswagen has been represented in the marketplace with CNG engines since way back in 2002. A special feature of the new three-cylinder turbocharged engine with a cubic capacity of 1.0 litre and high torque of 66 kW (90 PS) that is being shown at the Vienna Motor Symposium is its bivalent concept: it can be run on petrol or CNG. In gas-powered mode it works in a particularly low-emission manner – and that applies both to CO2 and NOx particulate emissions. The compact 1.0 TGI is a new engine specification for the small car class in the Volkswagen Group.
A key factor in its low emissions is the optimum conversion of the methane in the exhaust gas. In order to bring the catalytic converter quickly up to operating temperature and keep it there, Volkswagen has developed a lambda split process. During warm running and under low load two cylinders are fired using a rich mixture and one using a lean mixture. An important component of the technology here is the so-called lambda probe with no dew-point end. Thanks to electric heating, it is able to take up its regulating function within no more than ten seconds of a cold start, even if the exhaust gas and exhaust system still contain certain amounts of condensation.
The activities promoting CNG drive systems go well beyond technical solutions. In addition to the Group's extensive and attractive range of models, Volkswagen is also conducting an intensive dialogue with other market participants and political players. In collaboration with energy providers, the gas industry, other OEMs and federal government ministries, we are driving forward activities that continue to make CNG known and attractive as a fuel.
Volkswagen is thus pursuing every path leading to CO2-neutral mobility. In addition to systematic optimisation of the existing powertrains, alternative forms of drive system are being introduced into the portfolio. The scaling possibilities of electric-powered drive systems open up further areas of potential, as the example of the Golf shows. Looked at overall, the fuels' CO2 relevance is a key factor. In this regard, CNG in the form of e-gas is playing an increasingly important role.
1)GolfTSIBlueMotion: Thevehiclehasnotyetgoneon sale and therefore Directive 1999/94 EC does not apply.
2)e-Golf(100kW/136PS)ElectricalconsumptioninkWh/100km: combined 12.7, CO2emissionscombinedin g/km: 0, efficiency class: A+
3)1.0CNGturbo(66kW/90PS):Vehiclewith thisenginehavenot yetgone
onsale andthereforeDirective1999/94 EC does not apply.
4)GolfGTE- Fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 1.8 - 1.6; Electrical energy consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 12 - 11.4;CO2emissionscombinedin g/km:40 - 36; efficiency class: A+
5)BUDD-e:Thevehiclehas not yet gone on sale and therefore Directive 1999/94 EC does not apply.
6)I.D.:The vehicle has not yet gone on sale and therefore Directive 1999/94 EC does not apply.
7)I.D.BUZZ:The vehicle has not yet gone on sale and therefore Directive1999/94 ECdoes not apply.
AbouttheVolkswagenbrand:“Wemake the future real”
The Volkswagen Passenger Cars brand is present in more than 150 markets throughout the world and produces vehicles at over 50 locations in 14 countries. In 2016, Volkswagen produced about 5.99 million vehicles including bestselling models such as the Golf, Tiguan, Jetta or Passat. Currently, 218,000 people work for Volkswagen across the globe. The brand also has 7,700 dealerships with 74,000 employees.
Volkswagen is forging ahead consistently with the further development of automobile production.
E-mobility, Smart mobility and the digital transformation of the brand are the key strategic topics for the future.
Central headquarters in Volkswagen AG complex in Wolfsburg, Germany | |
Aktiengesellschaft | |
Traded as | FWB: VOW, VOW3 |
---|---|
ISIN | DE0007664005 |
Industry | Automotive |
Founded | Berlin, Germany (28 May 1937; 82 years ago) |
Headquarters | , |
Number of locations | 100 production facilities across 27 countries |
Worldwide | |
Key people | Hans Dieter Pötsch (Chairman of the Supervisory Board) Dr. Herbert Diess (Chairman of the Board of Management)[1] |
Products | Automobiles, commercial vehicles, internal combustion engines, motorcycles, turbomachinery |
11,018,000 (2018)[2] | |
Services | Banking, financing, fleet management, insurance, leasing[3] |
Revenue | €235.849 billion (US$278 billion) (2018)[2] |
€13.920 billion (2018)[2] | |
€11.844 billion (2018)[2] | |
Total assets | €458.156 billion (2018)[2] |
Total equity | €117.117 billion (2018)[2] |
Owner | Porsche SE (31.2% of equity, 53.1% of voting power)[4] State of Lower Saxony (11.8% of equity, 20% of voting power)[4] Qatar Investment Authority (14.6% of equity, 17% of voting power)[4] |
Number of employees | 302,554 (salaried staff) (Dec. 31, 2018)[2] |
Divisions | |
Subsidiaries |
|
Website | www.volkswagenag.com |
Volkswagen AG (German: [ˈfɔlksˌvaːgn̩]), known internationally as the Volkswagen Group, is a German multinationalautomotive manufacturing company headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany and indirectly majority owned by the Austrian Porsche-Piëch family.[6][7] It designs, manufactures and distributes passenger and commercial vehicles, motorcycles, engines, and turbomachinery and offers related services including financing, leasing and fleet management. In 2016, it was the world's largest automaker by sales, overtaking Toyota and keeping this title in 2017 and 2018, selling 10.8 million vehicles.[8] It has maintained the largest market share in Europe for over two decades.[9] It ranked seventh in the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies.[10]Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT, Škoda and the flagship Volkswagen marques; motorcycles under the Ducati brand; and TRATON (commercial vehicles, trucks, and buses) under the marques MAN, Scania, and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. It is divided into two primary divisions, the Automotive Division and the Financial Services Division, and as of 2008 had approximately 342 subsidiary companies.[11] Volkswagen also has two major joint-ventures in China (FAW-Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen). The company has operations in approximately 150 countries and operates 100 production facilities across 27 countries.
Volkswagen was founded in 1937, to manufacture the car which would become known as the Beetle. The company's production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, and in 1965 it acquired Auto Union, which subsequently produced the first post-war Audi models. Volkswagen launched a new generation of front-wheel drive vehicles in the 1970s, including the Passat, Polo and Golf; the latter became its bestseller. Volkswagen acquired a controlling stake in SEAT in 1986, making it the first non-German marque of the company, and acquired control of Škoda in 1994, of Bentley, Lamborghini and Bugatti in 1998, Scania in 2008 and of Ducati, MAN and Porsche in 2012. The company's operations in China have grown rapidly in the past decade with the country becoming its largest market. In June 2018, Volkswagen Trucks and Buses which comprises the MAN, Scania, and RIO truck brands are renamed to TRATON AG but the marques will not change, said by Andreas Renschler.
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft is a public company and has a primary listing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the Euro Stoxx 50stock market index, and secondary listings on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, SIX Swiss Exchange. It has been traded in the United States via American depositary receipts since 1988, currently on the OTC Marketplace. Volkswagen delisted from the London Stock Exchange in 2013.[12][13] The state of Lower Saxony holds 12.7% of the company's shares, granting it 20% of the voting rights.[14]
- 1History
- 1.42000 to present
- 3Operations
- 4Corporate affairs
- 8References
History[edit]
May 26, 1938: Laying the foundation stone of the first Volkswagen plant by Adolf Hitler. In the front right is Ferdinand Porsche.
1937 to 1945[edit]
Volkswagen ('People's car' in German) was founded on 28 May 1937 in Berlin as the Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH ('Limited Liability Company for the preparation of the German People's Car', abbreviated to Gezuvor) by the National Socialist Deutsche Arbeitsfront(German Labour Front).[15][16][17] The purpose of the company was to manufacture the Volkswagen car, originally referred to as the Porsche Type 60, then the Volkswagen Type 1, and commonly called the Volkswagen Beetle.[18] This vehicle was designed by Ferdinand Porsche's consulting firm, and the company was backed by the support of Adolf Hitler.[19] On 16 September 1938, Gezuvor was renamed Volkswagenwerk GmbH ('Volkswagen Factory limited liability company').[15]
Shortly after the factory near Fallersleben was completed, World War II started and the plant primarily manufactured the military Kübelwagen (Porsche Type 82) and the related amphibious Schwimmwagen (Type 166), both of which were derived from the Volkswagen. Only a small number of Type 60 Volkswagens were made during this time. The Fallersleben plant also manufactured the V-1 flying bomb, making the plant a major bombing target for the Allied forces.
1945 to 1970[edit]
A 1951 Volkswagen Beetle
After the war in Europe, in June 1945, Major Ivan Hirst[18] of the British Army Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) took control of the bomb-shattered factory, and restarted production, pending the expected disposal of the plant as war reparations. However, no British car manufacturer was interested; 'the vehicle does not meet the fundamental technical requirement of a motor-car .. it is quite unattractive to the average buyer .. To build the car commercially would be a completely uneconomic enterprise'.[20] In 1948, the Ford Motor Company of USA was offered Volkswagen, but Ernest Breech, a Ford executive vice president said he didn't think either the plant or the car was 'worth a damn'.[21] Breech later said that he would have considered merging Ford of Germany and Volkswagen, but after the war, ownership of the company was in such dispute that nobody could possibly hope to be able to take it over. As part of the Industrial plans for Germany, large parts of German industry, including Volkswagen, were to be dismantled. Total German car production was set at a maximum of 10% of the 1936 car production numbers.[22] The company survived by producing cars for the British Army, and in 1948 the British Government handed the company back over to the German state, and it was managed by former Opel chief Heinrich Nordhoff.
The Audi F103, in production from 1965 to 1972
Production of the Type 60 Volkswagen (re-designated Type 1) started slowly after the war due to the need to rebuild the plant and because of the lack of raw materials, but production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. The company began introducing new models based on the Type 1, all with the same basic air-cooled, rear-engine, rear-drive platform. These included the Volkswagen Type 2 in 1950, the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia in 1955, the Volkswagen Type 3 in 1961, the Volkswagen Type 4 in 1968, and the Volkswagen Type 181 in 1969.
In 1960, upon the flotation of part of the German federal government's stake in the company on the German stock market, its name became Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft (usually abbreviated to Volkswagenwerk AG).
On 1 January 1965, Volkswagenwerk acquired Auto Union GmbH from its parent company Daimler-Benz. The new subsidiary went on to produce the first post-war Audi models, the Audi F103 series, shortly afterwards.[23]
Another German manufacturer, NSU Motorenwerke AG, was merged into Auto Union on 26 August 1969, creating a new company, Audi NSU Auto Union AG (later renamed AUDI AG in 1985).[23]
1970 to 2000[edit]
A Volkswagen Golf Mk1; the Golf is the third best-selling car of all-time, selling over 30 million up to 2013
From the late 1970s to 1992, the acronym V.A.G was used by Volkswagen AG as a brand for group-wide activities, such as distribution and leasing. Contrary to popular belief, 'V.A.G' had no official meaning, and was never the name of the Volkswagen Group.[24]
On 30 September 1982, Volkswagenwerk made its first step expanding outside Germany by signing a co-operation agreement with the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT, S.A.[23]
In order to reflect the company's increasing global diversification from its headquarters and main plant (the Volkswagenwerk in Wolfsburg), on 4 July 1985, the company name was changed again – to Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (Volkswagen AG).
On 18 June 1986, Volkswagen AG acquired a 51% controlling stake in SEAT, making it the first non-German subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. On 23 December the same year, it became the Spanish company's major shareholder by increasing its share up to 75%.[23]
In 1990 – after purchasing its entire equity – Volkswagen AG took over the full ownership of SEAT, making the company a wholly owned subsidiary, and on 28 March 1991 another step to the expansion of the group's activities was made through the signing of a joint venture partnership agreement with Škoda automobilová a.s. of Czechoslovakia, accompanied with the acquisition of a 30% stake in the Czech car manufacturer,[23] raised later on 19 December 1994 to 60.3% and the year after, on 11 December 1995, to 70% of its shares.[25]
Three prestige automotive marques were added to the Volkswagen portfolio in 1998: Bentley, Lamborghini and Bugatti.[23]
2000 to present[edit]
The Škoda Superb B6, in production from 2008-2015
On 30 May 2000, Volkswagen AG, after having gradually raised its equity share, turned Škoda Auto into a wholly owned subsidiary.[23]
From 2002 up to 2007, the Volkswagen Group's automotive division was restructured so that two major Brand Groups with different profile would be formed,[26] the Audi Brand Group focused on more sporty values – consisted of Audi, SEAT and Lamborghini – and the Volkswagen Brand Group on the field of classic values – consisted of Volkswagen, Skoda, Bentley and Bugatti[27][28] – with each Brand Group's product vehicles and performance being respectively under the higher responsibility of Audi and Volkswagen brands.
Volkswagen Group revealed on 24 October 2009 that it had made an offer to acquire long-time partner and German niche automotive manufacturer Wilhelm Karmann GmbH out of bankruptcy protection.[29] In November 2009, the Supervisory Board of Volkswagen AG approved the acquisition of assets of Karmann, and planned to restart vehicle production at their Osnabrück plant in 2012.[30]
In December 2009, Volkswagen AG bought a 49.9% stake in Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG (more commonly known as Porsche AG) in a first step towards an 'integrated automotive group' with Porsche.[31][32][33] The merger of Volkswagen AG and Porsche SE was scheduled to take place during the course of 2011. On 8 September 2011, it was announced that the planned merger 'cannot be implemented within the time frame provided for in the Comprehensive Agreement'. As reasons, unquantifiable legal risks, including a criminal probe into the holding's former management team were given. Both parties 'remain committed to the goal of creating an integrated automotive group with Porsche and are convinced that this will take place'.[34][35] On 4 July 2012 Volkswagen group announced they would wrap up the remaining half of Porsche shares for 4.46 billion euros ($5.58 billion) on 1 August 2012 to avoid taxes of as much as 1.5 billion euros, which would have to be paid if the wrap up happened after 31 July 2014.[36] Volkswagen AG purchased the remaining stake in Porsche AG equaling 100% of the shares in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, effectively becoming its parent company as of 1 August 2012.[37]
Volkswagen AG completed the purchase of 19.9% of Suzuki Motor Corporation's issued shares on 15 January 2010.[38][39] Suzuki invested part of the amount received from Volkswagen into 1.49% percent of Volkswagen.[40] In 2011, Suzuki filed a lawsuit at an arbitration court in London requesting that Volkswagen return the 19.9% stake.[41]
On 25 May 2010, it was announced that Volkswagen Group, through it subsidiary Lamborghini Holding S.p.A., had acquired a 90.1% stake in the Italian automotive design house Italdesign Giugiaro.[42]In less than three months, the transaction had been completed making the Italian firm a member of the Volkswagen Group.[43] Clone trooper phase 2 armor.
In 2015 research showed a security flaw in the keyless ignition of Volkswagen and other carmakers' vehicles. Volkswagen spent two years trying to keep the research from the public domain.[44][undue weight?]
On 3 August 2015, Nokia announced that it had reached a deal to sell its Here digital maps division to a consortium of three German automakers—BMW, Daimler AG, and Volkswagen Group, for €2.8 billion.[45] This was seen as an indication that the automakers were interested in automated cars.
Volkswagen held a 19.9% non-controlling shareholding in Suzuki between 2009 and 2015. An international arbitration court ordered Volkswagen to sell the stake back to Suzuki.[46] On 17 September 2015, Suzuki paid $3.8bn to complete the stock buy-back just hours prior to a major scandal about emissions violations engulfing Volkswagen. Suzuki had wished to buy Fiat diesel engines.[47]
Emissions scandal[edit]
On 18 September 2015, The US EPA announced that Volkswagen had installed a 'defeat device' software code in the diesel models sold in the US from 2009-15.[48] The code was intended to detect when an emissions test was being conducted, and altered emissions controls for better compliance. Off the test stand, the controls were relaxed, and emissions jumped 35 to 40 times regulatory levels according to investigators at West Virginia University and the California Air Resources Board. 482,000 vehicles are under the recall order, a potential $18 billion ($37,500 per violation) in fines are pending, and news accounts speculate a criminal indictment for the deception is certain.[49][50] The VW Group CEO, Martin Winterkorn, said he was 'deeply sorry' and ordered an external investigation.[51] The software code was only revealed when the EPA refused to certify VW's 2016 models for sale in the US unless the corporation provided full disclosure.[52] On Sunday, 20 September 2015, VW Group announced it was halting the sale of its four-cylinder diesel models in the US.[53] The US EPA press release on its Notice of Violation,[48] and the California Air Resources Board letter[54] dated 18 September 2015 contain significant chronological detail of the agencies interaction with VW on the issue.
On 22 September 2015, VW AG admitted that 11 million cars worldwide had been fitted with software intended to deceive emissions testing. The company issued a profit warning, saying it had set aside 7.3 billion dollars to fix the fraud.[55] On 23 September 2015, Martin Winterkorn announced his resignation from the CEO position after a crisis meeting of the company board.[56] On 25 September 2015 Matthias Müller was named CEO.[57] Müller was the head of the Porsche marque within the VW corporate umbrella.[58]
On April 21, 2017, a US federal judge ordered Volkswagen 'to pay a $2.8 billion criminal fine for rigging diesel-powered vehicles to cheat on government emissions tests'. The 'unprecedented' plea deal formalized a punishment that Volkswagen AG agreed to earlier in 2017.[59]
Audi CEO Rupert Stadler was taken into custody on the morning of Monday, 18 June 2018, in relation to the scandal.[60]
Electrification strategy 2025[edit]
VW Group has invested into a wide ranging electrification strategy in Europe, North America and China with its electric 'MEB' platform
In 2016, Volkswagen Group announced a corporate 'Strategy 2025' that focuses on electrification of its portfolio.[61] The VW Group developed the Volkswagen Group MEB platform chassis that will be utilized in a range various cars and light utility vehicles across several VW Group marques due to its flexibility and floor-mounted battery.[62]
As of May 2018, the VW Group has committed $48 billion in car battery supplies[63] and plans to outfit 16 factories to build electric cars by the end of 2022.[64] According to VW Group CEO Dr. Herbert Diess, the company will offer 25 electric models and 20 plug-in hybrids by 2020.[63]
Finances[edit]
For the fiscal year 2018, Volkswagen reported earnings of EUR€11.638 billion, with an annual revenue of EUR€230.682 billion, an increase of 6.2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Volkswagen's shares traded at over €148 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$73.8 billion in November 2018.[65]
Year | Revenue in bn. EUR€[66] | Net income in bn. EUR€[67] | Employees[68] |
---|---|---|---|
1990 | 34.800 | 261,000 | |
2000 | 81.840 | 2.610 | 322,000 |
2001 | 87.300 | 2.930 | 324,000 |
2002 | 85.293 | 2.597 | 324,000 |
2003 | 84.813 | 1.003 | 335,000 |
2004 | 88.963 | 697 | 343,000 |
2005 | 93.996 | 1.120 | 345,000 |
2006 | 104.875 | 2.750 | 324,900 |
2007 | 108.897 | 4.122 | 329,300 |
2008 | 113.808 | 4.688 | 369,900 |
2009 | 105.187 | 911 | 368,500 |
2010 | 126.875 | 7.226 | 399,400 |
2011 | 159.337 | 15.799 | 502,000 |
2012 | 192.676 | 21.884 | 550,000 |
2013 | 197.007 | 9.145 | 573,000 |
2014 | 202.458 | 11.068 | 593,000 |
2015 | 213.292 | −1.361 | 610,000 |
2016 | 217.267 | 5.379 | 627,000 |
2017 | 230.682 | 11.638 | 634,000 |
Vw Group Turn Off Start Stop Feature On 528i Bmw
Operations[edit]
Part of the Volkswagen factory in Wolfsburg, Germany, its largest worldwide
Rooted in Europe, the Volkswagen Group operates in 153 countries.[69]Volkswagen Passenger Cars is the Group's original marque, and the other major subsidiaries include passenger car marques such as Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT, and Škoda. Volkswagen AG also has operations in commercial vehicles, owning Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, along with controlling stakes in truck, bus and diesel engine manufacturers Scania AB and MAN SE.[70]
Subsidiaries and brands[edit]
The Volkswagen Group comprises the following vehicle manufacturers and their corresponding brands:[note 1]
- Audi AG: 99.64% ownership;[5] formed through the acquisitions of Auto Union from Daimler-Benz on 30 December 1964, and NSU Motorenwerke on 9 March 1969 - Audi being the sole surviving marque from the Auto Union combine. Audi Sport GmbH is Audi's performance engineering and manufacturing subsidiary.[5]
- Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.: 100% ownership.[5] AUDI AG acquired Lamborghini S.p.A. in September 1998.[71]
Porsche headquarters in Stuttgart
- Bentley Motors Ltd: 100% ownership by Volkswagen AG.[5] Volkswagen purchased Rolls-Royce & Bentley from Vickers on 28 July 1998,[71] however the purchase did not include the license to use the Rolls-Royce trademark on automobiles, which is controlled by Rolls-Royce Plc.[72] BMW outmaneuvered Volkswagen, succeeding in obtaining the rights to use the Rolls-Royce trademark on automobiles. From July 1998 until December 2002, BMW continued to supply engines for the Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph and the Bentley division sold cars under both the Bentley and Rolls-Royce marques, under an agreement with BMW.
- Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.: 100% ownership.[5] Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Groupe VOLKSWAGEN France s.a.[73] Volkswagen acquired Bugatti International S.A. Holding in July 1998.[71]
- Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG: Volkswagen AG purchased 49.9% of the shares in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH (the holding company of Porsche AG) in December 2009.[74] Volkswagen AG purchased the remaining stake in Porsche AG equaling 100% of the shares in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, effectively becoming its parent company as of 1 August 2012.[37]
- Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A.: 100% ownership by Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.;[5] company was bought on 19 July 2012.
- MAN SE (controlling shareholder)[5] Acquired a controlling stake in July 2011, making MAN the 10th marque of the Volkswagen Group. 94.36% ownership since March 2019.
- Scania AB: Acquired controlling stake in July 2008, making Scania the 9th marque of the Volkswagen Group. 100% ownership since 15 January 2015.[75]
- SEAT, S.A.: 100% ownership;[5] initially in 1982 a co-operation agreement with AUDI AG; 51% and 75% ownership in 1986, and full ownership in 1990. SEAT was the first non-German subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group.[23] Their high performance motorsport division SEAT Sport is renamed to CUPRA.
- Škoda auto a.s.: 100% ownership.[5] initially in 1991 a co-operation agreement and 30% ownership;[23] 60.3% and 70% ownership on 1994 and 1995 respectively, 100% ownership since 2000[25]
- TRATON SE (formerly Volkswagen Truck and Bus): 100% ownership. TRATON is the holding company for Volkswagen Group's heavy commercial vehicle operations.[76]
The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles assembly plant in Hannover, Germany
- Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus: 100% ownership. Volkswagen's Brazilian heavy truck and bus division. Sold by Volkswagen Group to MAN SE in December 2008 and from that point also known as MAN Latin America. In November 2011, Volkswagen acquired a majority of the shares in MAN SE, bringing Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus back into the group.
- Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (VWCV), or German: Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge (VWN): 100% ownership;[5] Volkswagen's light commercial vehicle division started operations as an independent entity in 1995.
- Volkswagen Passenger Cars: the founding and flagship marque of the company, 100% ownership.[5]
The Group also owns five defunct marques which are managed through the companies Auto Union GmbH and NSU GmbH, both of which are 100% owned by AUDI AG:
- Auto Union (the Auto Union company, together with NSU Motorenwerke AG (NSU), were merged into 'Audi NSU Auto-Union AG' in 1969. The name was shortened to 'AUDI AG' in 1985, and the interlocked four-ring badge from Auto Union is still used by AUDI AG).
- Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW)
- NSU Motorenwerke AG (NSU) – bought in 1969 by Volkswagen AG, and merged into 'Audi NSU Auto-Union AG'; the NSU brand has not been used since 1977, while the former NSU manufacturing plant at Neckarsulm is still used for Audi assembly. However, the current AUDI AG shares trade under the ticker symbol 'NSU'.
Other subsidiaries and shareholdings:
- IAV, 50% ownership
- MOIA, new mobility services company, 100% ownership[77]
- Navistar International, 16.6% ownership since February 2017
Corporate affairs[edit]
Ownership[edit]
Under the Volkswagen Law, no shareholder in Volkswagen AG could exercise more than 20 percent of the firm's voting rights, regardless of their level of stock holding.[78] This law was supposed to protect Volkswagen Group from takeovers.[79] In October 2005, Porsche acquired an 18.53 percent stake in the business, and in July 2006, Porsche increased that ownership to more than 25 percent. Analysts disagreed as to whether the investment was a good fit for Porsche's strategy.[80]
On 26 March 2007, after the European Union moved against the Volkswagen law, Porsche took its holding to 30.9 percent, triggering a takeover bid under German law. Porsche formally announced in a press statement that it did not intend to take over Volkswagen Group, setting its offer price at the lowest possible legal value, but intended the move to avoid a competitor taking a large stake, or to stop hedge funds dismantling Volkswagen Group, which is Porsche's most important partner.[81]On 16 September 2008, Porsche announced that the company had increased its stake in Volkswagen AG to 35 percent.[citation needed] By October 2008, Porsche held 42.6 percent of Volkswagen AG's ordinary shares, and held stock options on another 31.5 percent.[82] thus, effectively holding over 74 percent; 42.6 percent actual shares, and the rest as convertible options.[83] Volkswagen AG briefly became the world's most valuable company, as the stock price rose to over €1,000 per share as short sellers tried to cover their positions.[84] The substantial investment in Volkswagen left Porsche with huge financial burden with its debts accumulating up to 13 billion euros by 2009.[85] Porsche would get emergency infusion of about a billion dollars from Volkswagen.[86] In July 2012, Volkswagen completed takeover of Porsche ending the 4 year saga and formed an integrated automotive group with Porsche. Porsche AG would become the 10th brand of Volkswagen. The holding company Porsche SE owns 31 percent shares of Volkswagen AG while maintaining its 50.7 percent of voting rights in the company.[87]
As of 31 December 2016, share ownership of Volkswagen AG is distributed as follows:[4]
|
|
Stock market listings[edit]
Volkswagen AG shares are primarily traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange,[88] and are listed under the 'VOW' and 'VOW3' stock ticker symbols. First listed in August 1961, the shares were issued at a price of DM 350 per DM 100 share,[88] Volkswagen AG shares are now separated into two different types or classes: 'ordinary shares' and 'preference shares'.[88] The ordinary shares are now traded under the WKN 766400 and ISIN DE0007664005 listings, and the preference shares under the WKN 766403 and ISIN DE0007664039 listings.[88]
Volkswagen AG shares are also listed and traded on other major domestic and worldwide stock exchanges. In Germany's domestic exchanges, since 1961 these include those in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich and Stuttgart. International exchanges include those in Basel (listed in 1967), Geneva (1967), Zürich (1967), Luxembourg (1979), London (1988), and New York (1988).[88]
Since the start of trading in 1961, Volkswagen AG shares have been subjected to two stock splits – the first was on 17 March 1969 when they were split at a ratio of 2:1, from a DM 100 share to a DM 50 share. The second split occurred on 6 July 1998, the DM 50 share being converted into a share of no overall nominal value, at a ratio of 1:10.[88]
From 23 December 2009, Volkswagen AG preferred shares replaced its ordinary shares in the DAX index.[89]
Leadership, sales and market share[edit]
Tenure | Leader(s) |
---|---|
1937 to 1946 | Bodo Lafferentz, Ferdinand Porsche, Jakob Werlin[90] |
June 1945 to December 1947 | Ivan Hirst (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers)[18] |
1 January 1948 to April 1967 | Heinrich Nordhoff[91] |
1 May 1968 to September 1971 | Kurt Lotz[91] |
1 October 1971 to February 1975 | Rudolf Leiding[91] |
10 February 1975 to December 1980 | Toni Schmücker[91] |
1 January 1982 to December 1992 | Carl Hahn[91] |
1 January 1993 to 16 April 2002 | Ferdinand K. Piëch[91] |
16 April 2002 to 31 December 2006 | Bernd Pischetsrieder[91] |
1 January 2007 to 23 September 2015 | Martin Winterkorn[91][92][93] |
25 September 2015 to 12 April 2018 | Matthias Müller[94] |
since 12 April 2018 | Dr. Herbert Diess[1] |
Group | Units | |
---|---|---|
Volkswagen | 10,083,000 | |
Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi | 10,076,000 | |
Toyota | 10,059,000 | |
Top 3 automakers 2018 by global volume. |
Vw Group Turn Off Start Stop 2018 Chevy Traverse
In 2018, Volkswagen Group's largest single country market was China with 4.20 million units delivered, followed by Germany with 1.12 million units. Divided by regions, Asia-Pacific was the second-largest market of the Volkswagen Group with 4.50 million units in 2013, followed by Western Europe with 4.14 million, and North America with 943,000 units delivered in 2018.[96]
Group | Units | share |
---|---|---|
Volkswagen | 2,957,653 | 25.0 |
PSA | 1,311,406 | 11.1 |
RENAULT | 1,076,367 | 10.4 |
Top 3 automakers 2013 by EU27 new passenger car volume, based on ACEA data |
The European ranking of automakers is compiled monthly by the European Auto Manufacturers' Association ACEA.[97] Volkswagen has held the top spot in Europe uninterrupted for more than two decades.[98]
The company was again the top global automaker in 2018, for the fifth consecutive year, selling 10.083 million vehicles in the year 2018, just 7,000 more than the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance.[95]
Sponsorships[edit]
Volkswagen is heavily involved in sports sponsorship, with investments having included the 2008 Summer Olympics, the 2014 Winter Olympics,[99][100] as well as the David Beckham Academy. Volkswagen AG wholly owns the Bundesliga football side VfL Wolfsburg;[101] the company is also the shirt sponsor of Major League Soccer club D.C. United, League of Ireland Premier Division Sligo Rovers and top level of the Mexican football league system Liga MX team Puebla F.C.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Volkswagen Truck and Bus are renamed to TRATON AG.
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Corporate documents[edit]
- '1937-1945 The Foundation of the Volkswagen Plant'. Volkswagen Chronicle. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 2008. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- 'VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Articles of Association As at August 2012'(PDF). volkswagenag.com. VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT. August 2012. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- 'Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2007'(PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 13 March 2007. ISSN0944-9817. 858.809.505.20. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- 'Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2008'(PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 12 March 2009. ISSN0944-9817. 958.809.512.20. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- 'Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2009'(PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 11 March 2010. ISSN0944-9817. 058.809.522.20. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- 'Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2010'(PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 10 March 2011. ISSN0944-9817. 158.809.527.20. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- 'Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2011'(PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 12 March 2012. ISSN0944-9817. 258.809.536.00. Archived(PDF) from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- 'Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Facts and Figures 2012'(PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 11 June 2012. 272.802.497.20. Archived from the original(PDF) on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- 'Volkswagen Group Production Plants'. volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 31 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Volkswagen Group. |
- Clippings about Volkswagen Group in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics (ZBW)
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